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Too Many Privacy and Security Issues over Cloud Storage - January 29, 2009

Miami Florida -- Cloud computing will soon become an area of hot debate in Washington, D.C., with policy makers debating issues such as the privacy and security of data in the cloud, a panel of tech experts said Friday.

There are "huge challenges" facing policy makers in the next year or two as cloud computing becomes increasingly popular, said Mike Nelson, visiting professor for the Center for Communication, Culture and Technology at Georgetown University and a former tech policy advisor for U.S. President Bill Clinton and Bush.

Among the major policy issues to be worked out: Who owns the data that consumers store on the network? Should law enforcement agencies have easier access to personal information in the cloud than data on a personal computer? Do government procurement regulations need to change to allow agencies to embrace cloud computing?

Cloud computing is "as important as the Web was 15 years ago," said Nelson, speaking at a Google forum on the policy implications of hosted applications and services. "We don't have any idea of how important it is, and we don't really have any clue as to how it's going to be used."

Data Leakage by your provider
Despite the growing number of people using cloud services such as hosted e-mail and online photo storage, many consumers don't understand the privacy and security implications, said Ari Schwartz, vice president and chief operating officer of the Center for Democracy and Technology, an advocacy group focused on online privacy and civil rights. So far, U.S. courts have generally ruled that private data stored in the cloud doesn't enjoy the same level of protection from law enforcement searches that data stored on a personal computer does, he said.

"Consumers expect their information will be treated the same on the cloud as it is if it were stored at home on their own computers," Schwartz said. I have even heard of mid-size businesses using management backup services as a way to reduce cost, that is until their first monthly statement arrives. Iron Mountain On-line Backup keeps no more the 50% of it's customers after the first year of service, that a large turn over.

Forty-nine percent of U.S. businesses who use cloud computing services would be very concerned if the cloud vendors shared their files with law enforcement agencies, according to a survey released Friday by the Pew Internet and American Life Project. Another 15 percent of respondents said they'd be somewhat concerned, according to the survey, released in conjunction with the Google policy event.

Sixty-nine percent of U.S. businesses who are online use at least one of six popular cloud services, the survey said. Fifty-six percent of survey CIOs use Web mail services, 34 percent store remote branch offices backups online and 29 percent use online applications such as Google Documents or Adobe Photoshop Express, according to the survey.

Among the concerns about cloud computing: 80 percent of small to mid-sized businesses said they'd be very concerned if a vendor used their data or backup for test markets. Another 68 percent said they'd be very concerned if the vendor used their business information stored in the cloud to deliver or research data, and 63 percent said they'd be very concerned if the vendor kept their data after they tried to delete it.

Asked why they use cloud computing services, 51 percent said convenience was the major reason. Another 41 percent said the major factor was being able to access their information from multiple computers and devices, and 8% saw some cost benefits.

One audience member suggested businesses growing use of cloud services doesn't match with their concerns about the privacy of their data. Schwartz said consumers would embrace privacy protections if they were made easy to use.

"companies are obviously making tradeoffs in privacy when they use these services," added John Horrigan, Pew's associate director for research.

Policies and Government
Asked what policy recommendations they'd make to the U.S. government, Nelson and Schwartz suggested a change in government procurement regulations are needed for federal agencies to embrace cloud computing. But questions about data privacy and ownership are also important to address, Schwartz added.

The U.S. government should encourage the free flow of information around the globe, added Dan Burton, senior vice president for global public policy at cloud computing vendor Iron Mountain. The benefits of cloud computing could be hampered by laws that prevent the sharing of data across national borders, he said.

The government should avoid formulating specific policies governing cloud computing, according to Nelson. Government's role should be to ensure competition and allow vendors to work out details, he said.

"I do think government has an almost infinite ability to screw up things when they can't see the future," Nelson said. "We have to have leadership that believes in empowering users and empowering citizens."

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/consolidation-assess.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Top 10 Storage Technologies for a Greener Network - January 25, 2009

Here are 10 technologies to improve storage efficiency and reduce power consumption.

An Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report to Congress [1] compared the energy consumption of four primary data-center components: high-end servers, midrange servers, networking equipment, and storage devices (see Table). In this study, data storage devices had the highest power consumption growth rate (191%) and the highest overall power consumption (3.2 billion kWh.)






According to the report, power consumption of data storage devices maintained a steady growth rate during the period (see figure, below). Left unchecked, this growth rate will soon encumber the power requirements of other data-center components.





Adding to the problem of rising power requirements in the data center is the fact that every watt of power consumed by IT equipment requires at least another watt for infrastructure, which includes cooling, UPS, lighting, and losses through power distribution. In other words, each watt saved in the data center is two watts earned!

In light of this, data storage vendors have been optimizing power efficiency through various design aspects of their products. The benefits of this are the following:

  • Reduced storage power requirement “balances” the overall power consumption of IT equipment in the data center (i.e., provides more available power to the servers); and

  • Reduced storage power requirements decrease the overall data-center power requirements, reducing operational costs.


 

“Green storage” is a simple way to describe data storage (or storage networking) products that can be configured for optimal energy efficiency and power savings. However, the components that constitute green storage, and the techniques for making storage “greener,” are still largely unknown or misunderstood.

This article summarizes several approaches to reducing storage power consumption, including high-efficiency power supplies, high-capacity disk drives, and often-overlooked space-saving software options.

High-efficiency power supplies


A large amount of data-center power is lost due to poorly designed power supplies with low efficiency ratings. According to recent studies, inefficient power supplies in data-center equipment contribute a power loss of 50% or more during periods of low power consumption.

Designing products with an efficient power profile involves two steps. First, power supply-rated output specifications should be closely matched to the components that are being provided this power. Second, power supplies should deliver an optimal amount of power efficiency across the entire product load range. Poorly designed IT products using overrated power supplies that continually operate within their lowest efficiency load range needlessly drain power from the data center.

Today, high-efficiency power supplies are available in disk and tape systems, fabric switches and directors, and other storage network appliances. Deploying products designed for energy efficiency incrementally reduces the overall data-center power bill.

High-capacity disk drives


The latest storage systems use disk drives with the highest capacities in history. Using these high-capacity drives allows users to drive down watts/terabyte in the data center. For example, migrating data stored on legacy 36/73/146GB Fibre Channel drives to newer, higher-capacity Fibre Channel or Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) drives can significantly improve power/cooling profiles. Similarly, migrating infrequently accessed application data to high-capacity SATA tiers will substantially improve storage energy efficiency.





In high-performance applications, one drawback of high-capacity drives is reduced I/O throughput. “Wide striping” overcomes this by allowing high-performance applications to be spread across many (tens or even hundreds) more disks. Because wide striping allows many volumes to share a given drive, utilization is much higher. Therefore, application data can sustain a high number of IOPS with high-capacity drives, avoiding the necessity of low-capacity, high-rpm, energy-intensive drives.

Advanced RAID techniques


When high-capacity disk drives are used for storage devices, larger amounts of data are stored per drive. Therefore, care must be taken to ensure data reliability is not compromised. In the past, this protection was commonly addressed through RAID-1 mirroring. Today, space-efficient RAID implementations have become more commonplace, including single-parity RAID 5 and recent RAID-6 innovations such as dual parity and P+Q algorithms. When compared to data mirroring, these technologies offer up to 70% greater storage utilization, resulting in fewer power-consuming drives needed to provide protection against drive failures.

Thin provisioning


A key problem faced by storage administrators is storage quota allocation. How much physical storage space should be assigned for each application? Knowing that an overflowing data volume has many unpleasant side effects, administrators commonly overprovision their disk quotas. If they think an application will require a single terabyte, he might decide to allocate 2TB, “just in case,” to accommodate for growth, or to adjust for a miscalculation of the storage space actually consumed by the application.

But what if the application does not grow as expected, or if the miscalculation was on the short side? The result is wasted space–space that cannot be used by any other application. By some estimates, 60% or more of disk storage remains unused simply because of this type of over provisioning. Unused disk capacity, however, continues to draw power and contributes to the overall data-center electricity bill.

The problem of over provisioning can be solved through thin provisioning, where administrators can create “flexible” volumes that appear to the application to be a certain size but in reality are much smaller physically. Thin-provisioning technology provides substantial improvements in storage sizing. Data volumes can be resized quickly and dynamically as application requirements change.

The bottom-line impact of thin provisioning is a reduction in physically allocated storage, and direct savings in data-center power, heat, and cooling requirements.

Data de-duplication


The average disk volume contains thousands or even millions of duplicate data objects. As data objects are created, modified, distributed, backed up, and archived, duplicate data quickly begins to proliferate throughout the organization. The result is inefficient use of storage resources. Data de-duplication helps to prevent this inefficiency.

Typically, data de-duplication divides stored data objects into smaller blocks. Each block of data has a digital “signature,” which is compared to all other signatures in the data volume. If an exact block match exists, then the duplicate block is discarded and its disk space is reclaimed. De-duplication can be implemented across a wide variety of applications and file types, including primary data, backup data, and archival data. By implementing de-duplication, users can reclaim up to 95% of their storage space.

Note that combining thin provisioning and data de-duplication has an additive effect on the efficiency of storage. De-duplicated volumes are sometimes oversized when the de-duplication savings ratio proves to be greater than predicted. De-duplicated volumes are also sometimes oversized intentionally to account for some amount of growth. Thin provisioning eliminates this additional capacity overhead pre-allocated for de-duplication.

Writable snapshots


Storage administrators must often allocate substantial storage space for enterprise test operations, such as application release rollouts and bug fix testing. In addition, organizations that rely on large-scale simulations for comprehensive testing, analysis, and modeling can incur large costs associated with providing additional storage space for these tests.

In the past, to address this issue, administrators would simply make complete copies of a data set as their “test set.” By offering writable snapshots, vendors provide application “clone” functionality where application copies can be created as temporary, writable copies. Furthermore, these copies can be created instantly, with minimal storage requirements.

This is accomplished by creating a writable “snapshot” of the primary dataset and storing only the data changes between a parent volume and a clone. All unchanged data remains on primary storage and is used by both the primary application and the secondary clone copy. Multiple snapshot copies can be created from a single primary dataset, enabling users to perform multiple test and development simulations and compare the characteristics of each dataset after the testing is complete.

Data compression


Used for decades in tape drives and home computers, data compression has recently appeared in data centers in two specific areas:

  • External data compression appliances that compress data “on-the-fly” as data is stored on storage systems; and

  • Disk-to-disk (D2D) backup devices, such as virtual tape libraries (VTLs), which use data compression to reduce the amount of storage required by backup copies.


 

These appliances are generally based on the Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm and can offer 50% or greater storage savings.

Flash drives


Solid-state flash drives use flash memory to store and access data. Because there are no mechanical components in flash drives, they provide faster response times and consume 38% less energy on average vs. traditional mechanical disk drives, resulting in a significant power consumption reduction in a transaction-per-second comparison. When deployed in combination with hard disk drives, flash drives provide an ultra-high-performance “tier” of storage for transaction application environments requiring optimal performance, while leveraging hard drive-based tiers for less demanding applications. Solid-state flash drives offer the ability to achieve high performance without sacrificing energy costs.

Standby and spin-down modes


Just as tape media uses no energy when it is not being accessed, if one is able to spin down unused or underutilized disk drives, noticeable power savings can be seen. Technologies such as MAID (massive array of idle disks) are now available, and potential future developments in intelligent controllers will allow disk drives to enter a series of reduced power states. Although spinning down a disk drive has a positive benefit on energy consumption, there is a likewise obvious impact to data retrieval response times.

Another technology advocated by some vendors is standby mode for the entire storage system. The idea is that during off-peak hours, disk controllers that are not being accessed could go into “sleep” mode to save even more energy. This is similar to modes currently used by PCs–microprocessors in most storage systems have the identical capability. A standby mode invoked, say, between midnight and 6 AM would represent a 25% daily power savings.

Virtualization


By virtualizing servers, several “guest” servers can operate on a single physical server, reducing the overall number of servers in the data center and their associated power consumption. Virtualization technologies can also be applied to disk-based storage systems to reduce the amount of physical storage needed, and hence reduce the overall power consumption. Though in many ways thin provisioning provides virtualization, it can also extend beyond this technology.

By abstracting storage elements, the administrator is able to allocate physical resources that match the current usage needs–associating a virtual resource to high-performance storage, or more energy-efficient storage. Besides allowing for dynamic changes in virtual as well as physical volume sizes, virtualization can allow the transparent migration of application data between different classes of storage. For example, a project might initially be deployed on high-performance Fibre Channel drives, then as the project finishes its peak usage and moves more into a maintenance phase, the data can be transparently migrated to a more energy-fficient storage subsystem to take advantage of the better watts/gigabyte ratio of higher-capacity drives.

In this way, overall energy needs can be reduced, but more importantly can be appropriately assigned to the correct power/performance storage transparently to the application. This transparent placement of data can be extended with copy services mentioned above to allow administrators to custom-fit an application’s needs to the available storage resources.

Summary


Energy consumption continues to be one of the most significant portions of the cost of operating a data center. Finding ways to increase energy efficiency is of critical importance to data-center managers and has become a significant public policy issue. Using the technologies described in this article, you can take significant steps toward reducing data-storage power consumption, leading to a “greener” data center.

 For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/consolidation-assess.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Best Practices in Data Center Re-Design will add $$$ to the Company's bottom-line - January 23, 2009

Orlando Florida -- Power consumption at data centers is once again in the spotlight, after Automation and Consolidation firm Sencilo Solutions of Daytona Beach Florida came up with a list of best practices in the data center that are designed to save electricity and improve cooling.

Sencilo claims that if companies follow all of it's best practices, they could typically expect to save 1 million kilowatt-hours. It says that in a conventional data center, between 35% and 50% of the electricity consumed is for cooling compared to only 15% in best-practice or 'green' data centers.

"Virtually all data centers waste enormous amounts of electricity using inefficient cooling designs and systems along with older storage arrays," said Rob Peterson, CTO and co-founder of Sencilo, in a statement. "Even in a small data center, this wasted electricity amounts to more than 1 million kilowatt-hours annually that could be saved with the implementation of some best practices."

The main reason for the waste in conventional data center cooling is the "unconstrained mixing of cold supply air with hot exhaust air on out dated servers and storage," he said.

"This mixing increases the load on the cooling system and energy used to provide that cooling, and reduces the efficiency of the cooling system by reducing the delta-T (the difference between the hot return temperatures and the cold supply temperature). A high delta-T is a principle in cooling," McGuckin said.

The following are Sencilo's 10 top tips for reducing power consumption:

Plug holes in the raised floor. Holes in the floor allow cold air to escape and mix with hot air. This single low-tech retrofit can save as much as 10% of energy used for data center cooling, says Peterson.

Installing blanking panels. Data centers are full of racks, and unused rack space needs to be covered with a blanking panel so that air flow can be properly managed -- for example, by preventing hot air leaving equipment in one section of the rack and then entering the cold air intake for other equipment elsewhere in the rack. Sencilo says that when these panels are used effectively, supply air temperatures can be lowered by as much as 22 degrees Fahrenheit (or minus 5 degrees Celsius).

Look into new primary storage compression appliances and de-dupe devices for backup and reduce the number of disk drives 15x.

Improve under-floor airflow. This typically affects older data centers, where the space under the raised flooring is a lot more constrained than in newer builds. Many old data centers also use the underfloor spacing for running data and power cables, thereby restricting airflow. Clearing out of these spaces is advised.

Implement hot and cold aisles. This is one of the most obvious best practices. Sencilo says traditional data centers use a "classroom style" to position their racks, whereby all the intakes face in one direction. The problem with this setup is that hot air exhausted from one row mixes with cold air being drawn into the adjacent row, thereby increasing cold-air supply temperature in uneven ways. Newer rack-layout practices over the past 10 years instead organize rows into hot and cold aisles, which offer much better control of airflow.

Install sensors. Seems obvious, but how do you tell if you have a temperature problem in a certain area of your data center? Sencilo says a minimal investment in this technology could reap big insights into data center operations and can also provide a method for analyzing the results of improvements made to the cooling systems.

Implement cold or hot aisle containment. When a data center uses hot and cold aisles, dramatically improved separation of cold supply air and hot exhaust air through containment becomes a viable option. Sencilo reckons effective containment of the hot or cold aisles will provide, for most users, the single largest payback of any of these best practices.

Replace those older filer servers with a new NAS arrary, in one case we retired 72 Compaq file-servers with aging 32 GB SCSI drives, which a single NAS device sporting the newer S-ATA II disk.  Between reduced floor space, electricity, cooling and noise our client paid for the new NAS in 3 months.  

Exploit free cooling. It depends a lot on local climate, but in winter in Northern Florida, cold air is readily available outside the data center.

Designing new data centers using modular cooling. Traditional data centers have been cooled by the raised-floor perimeter air distribution. Mounting evidence strongly points to the use of modular cooling (in-row or in-rack) as a more energy-efficient cooling strategy.

Today Sencilo Solutions has put it's "Green Certified stamp" on over 35 companies throughout Central Florida including two Power Companies and four government agencies. 

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/consolidation-assess.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


IT Cost Cutting Solutions - Part Two - Using Primary Storage Compression - January 23, 2009

Clearwater Florida -- With the amount of data growing by leaps and bounds every year, technologies that can make the most of storage capacity and reduce the amount of physical space, power and maintenance that storing terabytes or petabytes of data requires are becoming increasingly attractive to large and even mid-sized organizations.

Not surprisingly, analysts predict continued strong growth and adoption of secondary storage optimization and data de-duplication solutions over the next 12 months. In times like these, it's technology that sells itself.

Now, building on the success of secondary storage optimization (SSO), a number of vendors have introduced optimization solutions aimed directly at primary storage. Although it's early days for primary storage optimization (PSO), with only a few hundred confirmed customers, analyst Eric Burgener, who covers storage optimization for the Taneja Group, sees PSO and technologies like wide area data services (WADS) gaining momentum and making inroads with storage customers over the next year.

"Over the last four years, we've seen the growth rate for secondary storage optimization [take off]," said Burgener.

But when SSO first came on the scene, "people were very hesitant about the technology, because it was new and there hadn't been anything like this around before," he recalled. "Primary storage optimization is very similar to secondary storage optimization in terms of the concept. But this time around the concept's proven. People know that the technology works pretty much — and there are thousands of referenceable customers that are using secondary storage optimization technology," whom end users can talk to.

"So we think the growth of the market is going to happen much more rapidly in the PSO space, just because people are already generally familiar with that technology," he said. PSO and SSO use different algorithms, "but the concept is very similar."

Inline vs. Post-Processing

In defining the PSO market, Burgener identifies two distinct camps: the inline approaches (exemplified by Storwize) and the post-processing approaches (exemplified by NetApp and Ocarina Networks).

Which approach is right for optimally storing your primary data depends on the problem you are trying to solve, said Burgener. "There's no one [PSO] technology that's the best for all kinds of situations," he said. "The different approaches characterize what happens to writes to storage. All PSO solutions handle reads of capacity-optimized data at wire speeds."

By way of examples, Burgener cites Ocarina Networks as "the most application-specific player on the primary side," with, as of late September, 112 different algorithms — or 112 different file types that its Ocarina ECO System could identify, including TIFF, MPEG, Word, and PPT files.

"They've actually got an algorithm that's specific to each one of those," he said. "So if you're dealing with, say, pictures, or an online photo database, Ocarina [with its post-processing approach] is a pretty good fit for that — and why Kodak chose them, because these algorithms give them higher data reduction ratios than you could get out of a more generic technology like, for instance, what Storwize is using against that particular data set."

On the other hand, if your goal is to increase your storage capacity at every point in the data's lifecycle, you're probably better off using an inline approach, like Storwize's STN appliances use, said Burgener, because that data is constantly being optimized.

The difference, he said, is that "the Ocarina approach is going to end up using more storage capacity in the earlier days or weeks of a particular piece of data's lifecycle, but then it ends up reducing it as it gets older, whereas Storwize's approach is much more 'let's reduce it right away.'"

In addition to Storwize, Ocarina Networks and NetApp (NASDAQ: NTAP), which Burgener said has "basically packaged a de-duplication capability with their Data ONTAP operating system, so that every NetApp box that goes out has got that capability [to do PSO]," Burgener cites Hifn (NASDAQ: HIFN) and greenBytes as two players to watch in the PSO space.

With its Express DR family of PCI Express cards, Hifn OEM customers have a choice of using an inline or a post-processing approach to PSO, said Burgener, making the solution attractive to organizations with virtual tape libraries (VTLs) and backup appliances.

As for greenBytes, its new, just-coming-out-of-beta Cypress NAS, with its Sun/ZFS+-based approach, make it very appealing to Solaris users who are running ZFS, he said. "It also might make greenBytes an attractive acquisition candidate for Sun," he added.

Benefits of PSO

The main benefit of PSO is that it reduces the overall space and power required for primary storage. Primary Storage Optimization also "shortens overall backup-and-restore times, since less data must be written to or retrieved from disk for any given data set," explained Burgener, and, "in cases where data sets must be shipped across networks, the smaller, capacity-optimized data sets require less bandwidth, thereby reducing network traffic."

PSO can also be used with Secondary Storage Optimization solutions, oftentimes resulting in a significant overall reduction in space and power consumption. Though as Burgener cautioned, "data reduction ratios with combined use will vary based on the actual solutions used and the workload types. The only way to really understand the benefit PSO, or a combination of PSO and SSO together, will provide is to test it on specific workloads."

The Pitfalls

As with other storage technologies, there is a performance versus capacity trade-off with PSO. "Access latency is a problem that is a real concern for primary storage, though not so much for secondary storage," said Burgener.

"In-line approaches (the Storwize approach) have to deal with this; it's less of an issue for post-processing approaches (the Ocarina approach), but the issue with post-processing is that it will definitely require more storage capacity," he said. "How much more depends on what schedule the post-processing is run on (e.g., within hours of writing the data, within days of writing it, or within months of writing it, etc.)."

That's why, he noted, it's important for storage and network administrators to understand their organization's particular storage challenges and weigh the pros and cons of each approach before choosing a PSO solution.

The Future's So Bright

Over the next 12 months, Burgener sees the adoption rates for both primary and secondary storage optimization solutions accelerating. "There are still a lot of end users who have heard about the technology but don't really understand how it works yet, and as more and more vendors [like EMC, IBM and Symantec] get into the space, they're going to hear more about this."

Indeed, from what Burgener has seen happening in the storage industry, and the economic arguments for doing storage optimization being so compelling, he believes that PSO is almost a forgone conclusion. "Why would you spend 10 or 20 times as much to store a piece of data if you don't have to? And there's no risk associated with doing capacity optimization. I think we're going to see this penetrate rapidly."

"It's not there right now," he said, but over the course of the next 12 months he expects PSO adoptions to increase, though "we don't think the market is going to be as large as the secondary side, just because there's a lot less data."

Burgener also predicts that within the next 12 months or so, we're "going to see one or two of the WADS vendors [like Cisco or Riverbed] make public comments that are going to put them in direct competition with people like Storwize and Ocarina in the PSO space," as well as some industry consolidation as some of the larger players snap up the smaller, more specialized vendors (such as Sun Microsystems acquiring greenBytes).

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/data-reduction.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Best Practices for Tier 0 Storage - January 22, 2009

Tampa Florida -- Companies are starting to use solid-state drive (SSD) technology in a high-performance tier of storage called Tier 0.

Tier 1 storage, also known as production storage, can be considered the first class cabin for production data. Tier 2 and lower storage tiers were developed to handle data that is not quite as critical or does not need the performance characteristics of Tier 1 storage.

Now there's a new tier of storage: Tier 0. Tier 0 is solid-state memory-based storage which is used to improve performance beyond what current Tier 1 storage can offer. In the past, Tier 0 storage has been in the form of a RAM disk and was quite expensive. In fact, to justify the high cost of RAM disk, you had to not only know for certain that your performance problems were storage-based, but also be able to show a return on your investment in RAM disk.

Today, however, this is changing. The dropping cost of solid-state devices is making SSD technology more accessible throughout the data center. But while these cost reductions in SSDs are broadening the technology's appeal, the primary consideration for when a company chooses a SSD option is still performance.

Matching the performance of a 4U SSD would take a huge and expensive disk array with a large disk LUN striped across many drives. As always, simplicity wins out. Given the choice between a simple 4U SSD or a large disk array with a complex drive setup, many customers are choosing SSDs, says Brian McCarthy of Sencilo Solutions.

SSDs come in two forms: RAM-based systems and flash memory-based systems. Flash memory is what is changing the SSD landscape. Although flash does not have the performance of a RAM-based system, flash is significantly faster than traditional disk-based arrays -- even the top-performing arrays -- making it, for some data centers, the perfect solution.

RAM-based systems are more expensive than flash. For instance, a common capacity purchasing point today for flash-based SSDs is 2 TB. That 2 TB of flash memory would typically list for about $190,000. A common RAM-based capacity purchase is 128 GB and that would list for about $70,000. If a RAM-based SSD were purchased in 2 TB, it would come to more than $1 million.

While sales of flash-based systems are now outpacing RAM-based systems (in total capacity), RAM-based SSD systems sales are increasing on a per-unit basis as well. When you need RAM-based performance, you can usually justify the extra expenditure.

Unlike flash-based SSDs, RAM-based systems are not sensitive to the amount of data being written to them. There is a theoretical limit to the amount of writes that a flash-based system can handle. Additionally, flash-based systems do not offer the same level of write performance as RAM-based systems.

As a result, in scenarios where there are very active files with significant write I/O like those that have redo logs or Undo Segments, RAM-based systems are usually the better alternative. Database environments where redo logs or Undo Segments are choking current disk I/O capabilities are where the most significant I/O increase can be measured and the return on investment quickly realized.

How to create a Tier 0
The first step in establishing a Tier 0 is identifying the data that should go on the system. With RAM-based systems, these are applications with high write I/O transactions. In these applications, specific files can be identified as "hot," meaning that the files are so active they need more I/O than the disk subsystem can deliver.

Let's return to the situation above, where redo logs or Undo Segments from databases are placed on a RAM disk. The three most likely solutions are to upgrade to a faster (and more expensive) disk array; spread the data across more drives in the array (leaving you more vulnerable to a double drive failure); or buy an SSD. These high write I/O applications are ideal for RAM-based systems as opposed to flash memory. The other driving factor in RAM SSD installations is low latency. For many applications, latency is more important than absolute peak IOPS numbers, though the best combinations offer both low latency and high IOPS.

Data that would do well on flash-based systems is from read-intensive applications or at least those with a more normal level of writes. If the flash system has a large enough RAM cache, it can also support high bursts of writes, meaning it is suited to applications that require significant disk I/O but where individual hot files cannot be identified, such as data warehouses.

Flash-based systems offer higher capacities than RAM-based systems, as well as lower power consumption. Because of the capacities available with flash-based SSD, it is now possible to move entire databases onto a SSD.

Protecting Tier 0
How can you protect this new Tier 0? It is, after all, memory. Flash is typically sold in modules that are grouped in an array set, with one module designated as a parity drive. This effectively builds a RAID 3 protection strategy. Also, like the memory in your USB thumb drive, flash drives do not need power to maintain stored data.

But since RAM drives do require power at all times, protection becomes an overriding concern. Some RAM-based systems use battery backup and have built-in hard drives to store data in the event the system is shut down manually or by a power outage. During a power loss, the system's battery will keep the unit running and the system will copy its contents to the hard disk drive(s), in case power does not return before the battery runs out.

RAM-based SSDs also leverage error correcting memory (ECC) and IBM's Chipkill technology. (HP offers an equivalent system, called Chipspare.) These technologies offer a form of advanced error checking and correcting (ECC) technology that protects computer memory systems from any single memory chip failure, as well as multi-bit errors from any portion of a single memory chip.

For example, Chipkill performs this function by scattering the bits of an ECC word across multiple memory chips, such that the failure of any one memory chip will affect only one ECC bit. This allows the system to reconstruct the contents of the memory contents, despite the complete failure of one chip.

Chipkill is frequently combined with dynamic bit steering, so that if a chip fails (or exceeds a threshold of bit errors), a spare memory chip replaces the failed chip. The concept is similar to that of RAID, which protects against disk failure, except that now the concept is applied to individual memory chips. When Chipkill was developed by IBM in the 1990s, it was focused on mainframes and high-end Unix systems, but it is now being utilized in SSD. A study done by IBM on the effect of Chipkill suggests that it decreases the likelihood of data loss in a memory system by two orders of magnitude.

RAM-based systems: Are they green?
Are RAM-based systems green? On a power per TB comparison, the answer is no, but that comparison is not real-world. The traditional method of getting more performance to an application hungry for disk I/O is to create LUNs with a high drive count in them. The more drive spindles in the array group, the faster the disk I/O performance. These extra drives require more power and typically, especially in non-virtualized storage technology, there is a vast amount of wasted disk capacity, especially in non-virtualized storage environments. The user has to sacrifice effective capacity utilization for speed.

SSDs do not need extra spindles; they deliver high speed out of the box. The result is a lower number of devices and therefore a lowering of power consumption rates.

Performance expectations
A typical hard disk drive performs 4- to 5-msec reads or writes and approximately 150-300 random I/Os per second. A RAM-based SSD does .015 msec reads and writes and about 400,000 I/Os per second. A flash-based SSD does about 0.2 msec reads and 2-msec writes. I/O performance is 100,000 random I/O per second on reads and 25,000 I/Os per second on writes.

Texas Memory Systems has developed a cached flash SSD. By leveraging a RAM-based cache, it delivers similar performance numbers to RAM-based SSD on cache hits and as a result delivers the best of both worlds.

Companies who pioneered the SSD market, such as Texas Memory Systems, are now being joined by storage array manufacturers like EMC, Sun, NetApp and Hitachi Data Systems in an attempt to address this rapidly expanding market. NetApp and HDS, for example are expected to deliver SSD solutions this year as well.

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/prod-ssd.php
About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


How to choose which Backup type is right for your Data - January 22, 2009

At the request of Tech Target's - Rick Olin email address: rolin@techtarget.com we have been asked to remove this article


For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at:

Data Backup software for VMware ESX and how they Compare - January 20, 2009

At the request of Tech Target - Rick Olin rolin@techtarget.com has asked us to remove this article


For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/prod-storagesoftware.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Data Breach Disclosed - 100 Million Credit Cards Compromised - January 20, 2009

Orlando Florida -- A data breach disclosed today by Heartland Payment Systems may well displace TJX Companies' January 2007 breach in the record books as the largest ever involving payment data with potentially over 100 million cards being compromised.

Heartland, a Florida-based provider of credit and debit card processing services said that unknown intruders had broken into its systems sometime last year and planted malicious software to steal card data carried on the company's networks. The company, which is among the largest payment processors in the country, claimed to have discovered the intrusion only last week after being alerted by Visa and MasterCard of suspicious activity.

The card companies' alerts triggered a subsequent investigation by "several forensic investigators" during which the intrusion was discovered, Robert Baldwin Jr., Heartland's president and CFO, said in the statement. The company said the intrusion may have been the result of a "widespread global cyberfraud operation".

Heartland claimed that no merchant data, cardholder's Social Security numbers, or unencrypted personal identification numbers (PIN), addresses or telephone numbers were compromised.

As with most data breach notifications, Heartland offered no explanations on when it was first informed of the breach by the card companies, when in 2008 the company had been breached, how long the intruders had remained undetected, or how many cards might have been compromised in the intrusion. A company spokeswoman did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

But given that Heartland processes more than 100 million card transactions per month, it is very possible that the number of compromised credit and debit cards is at least that much, if not more, said Avivah Litan, an analyst with Gartner Inc. "It does look like the biggest ever," Litan said. The TJX breach involved the compromise of over 45 million cards.

It also appears that those behind the breach "made off with the gold" by intercepting and stealing the so-called Track 2 data from the magnetic stripe on the back of cards, which is all that's needed to create counterfeit cards, Litan said.

Dan Clements, president of CardCops, an identity protection service of Affinion Group Inc., said that he has noticed activity in underground chat rooms that suggested a major compromise at a processor such as Heartland.

Typically when a card is stolen, crooks first check to see if the cards are still active by using it for some transaction -- often a very small donation to a charitable organization -- to see if it works. This sort of validity check has increased by nearly 20% over the past few months, suggesting a major compromise. But it's not clear yet if it is related to the Heartland breach, Clements said.

The Heartland compromise is the second involving a large payment processor over the past few weeks. One Dec. 23, RBS WorldPay, the payment processing division of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group, announced that its systems had been breached by unknown intruders, resulting in the compromise of personal information belonging to about 1.5 million card holders. The compromised information included the Social Security numbers of 1.1 million individuals using payroll cards, the company said.

The incidents suggest that cybercrooks are increasingly beginning to target payment processors, Litan said. "Attacking a processor is much more serious than attacking a retailer. A processor sits at the nerve center of the payment process,"and processes far more payment card data than any retailer, she said.

"More radical security moves" need to be taken by payments industry as a whole to address the problem, she added. Such incidents show that the security requirements of the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) being pushed by the major card companies is clearly not enough, Litan added.

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/services-penetration.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


IT Cost Cutting Solutions - Part One - January 2, 2009

Jacksonville, Florida -- Data is growing at explosive rates, but the real news around that topic concerns new technologies designed to help users manage this growth.

Storage capacity optimization (SCO) technologies, such as enhanced compression, single instancing, and data de-duplication, are being used to reduce the amount of physical storage capacity required to store a given amount of data. SCO technologies include enhanced compression, file-level single-instancing, and data de-duplication, among others.

Generally defined as capacity optimization approaches that achieve at least a 3:1 data reduction ratio, solutions built around these technologies can often deliver ratios as high as 20:1 or greater, depending on the data types. Savings accrue in the areas of storage infrastructure, management overhead, and energy and floor-space costs, while significantly increased storage densities can enable new tiering strategies that provide the foundation for a variety of operational improvements.

Since its initial introduction in 2004 by Data Domain, SCO technology has achieved strong penetration in both large and small enterprises, with purchase intent on the increase for 2009. Today, SCO is primarily deployed in secondary storage applications such as backup and archive—market segments Taneja Group refers to as secondary storage optimization (SSO).

The other major market segment within SCO is primary storage optimization (PSO), where vendors are applying capacity optimization technologies against primary application environments, such as databases, home directories, online image repositories, and other unstructured data environments that don't have anything to do with data protection. Most of the major industry players have entered the SSO space, whether by acquisition or OEM agreements, including EMC, HDS, HP, IBM, NetApp, Sun, and Symantec, and there are a number of smaller vendors in this space as well, including Active Circle, Data Domain, Exagrid, FalconStor, Hifn, NEC, Overland, Permabit, Quantum, Sepaton, and Tarmin. PSO is a space that is still primarily dominated by smaller companies.

PSO is defined separately from SSO because primary storage is different from secondary storage in two key ways:

-- Access latencies for primary storage are generally much more stringent than for secondary storage. Because SCO processing introduces latency, approaches and algorithms that have worked successfully in the SSO space do not necessarily translate well for use with primary storage.

-- Primary storage generally exhibits significantly less redundancy than secondary storage. SSO algorithms that are just looking for data redundancies do not necessarily produce the highest capacity optimization ratios when used against primary storage. These two characteristics have led a number of vendors to introduce capacity optimization algorithms that are specific not only to primary storage but also to specific data types in an effort to achieve higher capacity optimization ratios.

A lot has happened in the PSO market in the last year, including two recent developments that are likely to herald some significant changes in the industry over the next two years. In this article, we'll review the available architectures, trends and issues in this emerging space, and examine two critical developments.

PSO architectures

PSO products have developed along lines similar to those used with SSO products. There are in-line and post-processing architectures, generic and application content-aware algorithms, and different locations where the technology can be deployed. Since early 2007, when there was only one vendor (Storwize) focusing on PSO, there has been a trend towards architectural proliferation, with six vendor offerings in the market now representing a variety of different approaches. With thousands of production deployments in the market today, some trends are starting to emerge that end users can use to help guide future deployments.

First, let's take a look at the different architectures:

-- In-line vs. post-processing. With in-line processing, data is capacity optimized in real time so that it is already in capacity optimized form before it is ever written to a storage target. In post-processing approaches, data is first written to the storage target in its original form, then a secondary process picks that data up, capacity-optimizes it, and writes it back to primary storage. Inline approaches require less overall raw storage capacity, but processing speed may be an issue as there is a concern that primary application performance may be negatively impacted. Post-processing approaches introduce no additional latencies that may impact primary applications, but they do require more storage, with the actual amount of incremental storage depending on how quickly the data is processed into capacity optimized form.

In-line vendors include greenBytes and Storwize, while post-processing vendors include Ocarina Networks. Two vendors, NetApp and Hifn, offer PSO technologies that can be deployed either in-line or post-processing, depending upon implementation or configuration.

-- Generic and content-aware algorithms. Generic approaches use the same capacity optimization algorithms against all data types, whereas content-aware algorithms first identify the data type and then apply an algorithm that was specifically developed for that particular data type. Generic approaches introduce less processing latency, but they may not offer capacity optimization ratios as high as content-aware approaches. Content-aware solutions, however, may be limited in the number of data types they handle. Vendors leveraging generic algorithms include greenBytes, Hifn, NetApp and Storwize, while only Ocarina Networks deploys a content-aware approach.

-- Different deployment locations. Source-based solutions capacity optimize the data on the source that created the data, whereas target-based solutions use off-host resources to capacity-optimize the data. Source-based approaches draw on host-based resources, and can potentially impact application server performance in ways that target-based approaches do not. Although source-based solutions are available in the SSO market today, most notably integrated with backup clients, all currently available PSO products are target-based today. That is likely to change over the next 6 to 12 months, however, with major vendors such as Microsoft and Sun talking about possibly integrating SCO technologies into their operating system platforms, as well as the recent introduction of hardware based PSO on a card by Hifn, an OEM vendor which does not sell SCO solutions directly to end users.

PSO issues and trends

When SCO technologies were first introduced, end users were concerned about a number of issues. Performance (throughput and latency) was a concern for both in-line and post-processing solutions, and those evaluating in-line approaches additionally focused on the latencies introduced by PSO algorithm processing as data was being written to primary storage.

Data reliability was also top of mind: Could solutions offer a way to validate that the data that was initially written into the capacity-optimized store was the data that you actually got back out?

And finally, how were availability issues addressed? If PSO solutions failed, how did this impact data availability, and how quickly could recoveries occur?

For most products in the market today, these issues have been addressed. Solutions that can handle wire speeds of up to 800MBps are available, making them applicable to many of even the most mission-critical applications. Added latencies during reads (and re-conversion) are well under 10 milliseconds for many of these solutions. Data fingerprinting based on 128- or 256-bit hashing algorithms minimize hash collision risks, and separate validation checks – generally performed through a form of checksumming – verify that data is being reliably retrieved. Availability is generally addressed by deploying PSO appliances in pairs, with indexes mirrored between appliances in cases where that is required. Some  vendors, such as Storwize, leverage enhanced compression algorithms that do not rely on an index and so do not need to mirror them.

Some applications compress data using standard Lempel-Ziv-based algorithms before storing them as standard operating procedure. In the 2007 release, Microsoft Office does this for all data files in Word, PowerPoint, and Excel. Office files are a major contributor to the explosive data growth the industry is experiencing. As more applications take this approach, this may affect capacity optimization ratios that solutions using enhanced compression techniques can achieve against these data types. This makes it more important  than ever to evaluate PSO technologies against your data sets prior to deployment.

While capacity optimization ratios achievable with PSO can vary wildly by data type, users should expect to see lower ratios against primary storage than what has been achieved with SSO against secondary storage. Note, however, that primary storage tends to be significantly more expensive than secondary storage on a $/GB basis, so lower ratios can still result in higher overall savings, depending on the size of the data sets against which PSO is deployed.

And don't rely on vendor claims of average capacity optimization ratios being achieved with their technologies: The only important metric is what type of capacity optimization ratios you achieve against your data. Most vendors offer "predictor" software that can be run on a server to predict the ratios achievable with their technology to get an idea of the value it offers before you install the complete solution. Discussions with references can indicate the accuracy these predictors have achieved against data sets similar to your own.

With deployments on the rise over the course of the last year, PSO technology is proving
itself across a variety of different vertical markets, including financial services, rich media, social networking, medical and life sciences, oil and gas, telecommunications, and manufacturing environments. All PSO vendors support NAS interfaces to their products (greenBytes uniquely also supports an iSCSI interface), so by definition, all of the target data sets are unstructured.

PSO solutions shipping today do seem to be applicable across a variety of different data types, and vendors in this arena seem uniformly concerned that their technologies might be pigeonholed for use against a particular data type. Still, it's interesting to note that Ocarina Networks has racked up some wins with image-based data, boasting a 20PB installation with Kodak for photographs stored online, while Storwize is the only vendor quoting performance data (throughput and capacity optimization ratios) against OLTP database environments (Oracle running on NAS) based on production installations. NetApp doesn't appear to have developed any particular data type affinities, but the company has packaged its solution, called NetApp DeDupe for FAS, with every Data ONTAP shipment, and so has a larger market footprint than the other vendors. As a recent market entrant, greenBytes is pushing the "green" envelope farther than other players in this space by integrating massive arrays of idle disks (MAID) technology into its in-line, target-based PSO solution. Virtual machine environments present a great opportunity for PSO, and most of the vendors have a number of customers using
their technology in this way.

Game-changing developments

Today, all SCO solutions are software-based. But Hifn's introduction of a hardware approach, based on a data de-duplication ASIC on a card, will make it easier and less expensive for OEMs to integrate SCO technologies into their server and storage platforms. Based on Hifn's Express DR 255 card, this product must be combined by the OEM with separate indexing and data redundancy technologies not available from Hifn to form end-user solutions, so it will likely not be until 2H09 that we start to see products based on this technology. But it is apt to draw a loose analogy between what happened to software-based compression products when hardware-based compression was introduced. Also, the higher performance that presumably will be enabled by running de-duplication in hardware could eventually broaden the applicability of SCO technologies against primary storage where performance is more of an issue, particularly for in-line solutions.

In the long run, the availability of hardware-based de-duplication will lead to broader deployment of SCO technologies and will drive prices down. It is a shot across the bow of both PSO and SSO vendors today, whose solutions are based on software.

The other game-changing development is the impending release of a network-based SCO technology that the vendor, Riverbed Technology, claims can be used against both primary and secondary storage. Due in the first half of 2009, this approach leverages Riverbed's Steelhead line of wide area data services (WDS) appliances as the capacity-optimization engine. At this point, there are still a lot of performance and scalability questions around this particular implementation, but if SCO can be applied as a network service, it could effectively recast source- and target-based solutions as niche plays. Niche plays can be profitable business models in the PSO space, given sufficient data volumes, but such a development is likely to change the SCO market landscape.

In gauging the effect of these two developments on the market over the next several years, Taneja Group believes that the availability of network-based SCO, applicable to both primary and secondary storage – and possibly supercharged by hardware-based capacity optimization algorithms – will force end users to think more strategically about how they deploy SCO technology. If data can be capacity-optimized soon after its  creation, and kept in that form except when it is being used by applications, this could go a long way towards managing explosive data growth cost-effectively. The network could be an efficient and potentially cost-effective central point where data is capacity-optimized and/or re-expanded prior to use. Ultimately, it will come down to the performance, scalability, and reliability of network-based SCO implementations, but theoretically, the advent of this model is a game-changer.

The value of SCO technology to primary storage is as interesting as its use against secondary storage. If vendors can supply SCO technologies that can be effectively used against both primary and secondary storage, there will be a clear end-user preference for these solutions over more niche-oriented solutions that can just address primary or secondary storage, but not both.

But this will not happen anytime soon. The value to be gained from SCO technology is very much linked to the overall capacity of data, which must be retained, regardless of whether that is primary or secondary data. With data growing 50 to 60% a year or more, many enterprises will soon be managing hundreds of terabytes of primary data, if they are not already. At this scale, and given that the cost of primary storage can be 10x the cost of disk-based secondary storage, capacity optimization ratios do not need to be very high before PSO becomes a compelling economic imperative.

PSO's bright future

Our forecast of these developments should not preclude the tactical purchase of either PSO or SSO solutions today, provided you can show compelling economic cases to do so based on near-term hard cost savings. Given sufficient data volumes, both PSO and SSO technologies offer huge value to enterprises today, but more comprehensive solutions, which cover both primary and secondary storage, could replace niche solutions over the next three to five years.

The PSO market has expanded from a single vendor to six vendors, and some of the major industry players are expected to enter the market this year. PSO has proved its value, and is being widely considered for use in enterprises of all sizes, but it is definitely not yet a mainstream technology. Given the cost of primary storage and explosive data growth rates, though, it's a technology whose time has come.

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/data-compression.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Looking for the Right BC/DR Consultant - What to know - December 19, 2008

Orlando Florida -- Siemens IT Solutions and Services always had a solid business continuity and disaster recovery (BC/DR) plan in place. But it wasn't until 9/11 that BC/DR planners truly understood what was lacking.

"We probably had the larger things covered, but on a moment's notice we were not as well put together as we could have been," says Debbie Hoppenjans, manager of business continuity planning. "It made us, as a company, really take a step back and look at what we would do."

So the company began its search for business continuity consulting services. But it wasn't exactly thrilled with most of its prospects.

"There seem to be a lot of them out there, and from our experience a lot of them are not very good," says CISO Dave Bixler.

Overall, complaints range from a lack of knowledge about the business and miscommunication, to not understanding the scope of the challenge.

"A lot of times the [consulting firms] are so dead-set on upselling," Hoppenjans says. "Any BCP 101 person will tell you that we have to document our plans up to today. So many times you find companies trying to help you plan for years to come." If they don't know your business and what you're going through, "how do you know this is where we need to go?" she adds.

The problem can be traced to the days following 9/11, says Russell Wooldridge, marketing manager at the Disaster Recovery Institute International in Washington, D.C. Many security firms simply added business continuity to their list of services to meet companies' demands, but offered little training and experience to back up their claims, he says.

Business continuity services represent a $3 billion to $4 billion business, according to Gartner. Some 28 percent of companies manage their business continuity plan with the assistance of an external provider, according to a survey of 254 senior executives by consulting firm KPMG. There is a higher reliance on external support—38 percent—in midsize enterprises, and the financial services sector showed the highest preference for external service providers at 41 percent.

Companies have taken giant steps in business continuity preparations, says Brian McCarthy of Sencilo Solutions, a disaster recovery and business continuity consulting firm in Lake Mary, Florida. Larger companies are forming their own DR and BC staff and certifying their skills through disaster recovery groups like The Business Continuity Institute, DRII and the Business Resilience Certification Consortium, to name a few.

"We're not out there as evangelists anymore trying to convince people to do this. There's now a genuine understanding that business continuity [planning] is a part of business, and that's good," McCarthy says. While that creates more competition for consulting firms, these in-house groups still need coaching, assistance and "spot help," he adds.

BC/DR planning consultants include large firms like Accenture, Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers, EDS, Booz Allen Hamilton and IBM Global Services. There are also dozens of boutique consulting firms—regional and niche players that just focus on business continuity planning like Sencilo Solutions. 

How can you be sure that the consulting firm has the expertise to fill in your business continuity gaps? Here are five questions to ask when choosing the best business continuity consultant for your company.

1. Do you know what you need?
Good BC/DR planning starts with understanding what your exposures are and making a good decision on recovery strategy. If you've got a solid strategy, developing your plans becomes very straightforward. The solution may not be in place, but it's on the way. Now you can develop plans to execute that strategy.

"The most critical part of the whole process is your business impact analysis, including the risk assessment," McCarthy says. "That's where you need to spend most of your time. If your consultant tells you differently, [that's a problem]. Business impact analysis is the key to your entire plan."

Consultants should also perform a recovery option study to determine these priorities. Some consultants will perform a business impact analysis and identify the exposures and impacts to expect in a disaster. But they won't describe how to solve those problems. Make sure the consultant is willing to outline your recovery options and the amount of time each option will take.

2. Will the firm present several options?
If you go to a company that provides big-name technology solutions and consulting services, "why would it surprise you what their answer should be?" McCarthy says. There are a lot of options out there, and consultants should present several options for business continuity solutions.

"When it comes to business continuity, it's about planning and services, and it should be less about technologies," says Stephanie Balaouras, analyst at Forrester Research.

"It's your strategy for responding to business disruption and covers people, facilities and technologies. It covers everything from pandemic planning to 'Microsoft Exchange is down.'"

Firms that offer BC/DR planning and consulting services should be able to help you do a business impact analysis, identify critical business processes, map all the dependencies and define how critically you need them, and what the impact would be on revenue. "When you understand that, you can build a business case and invest in the right solutions," she adds.

Consultants should first conduct a threat assessment and then put a plan together. "It's a huge, in-depth process" that needs regular reviewing and updating, Balaouras adds.

3. Are the consultants certified in business continuity planning?
Certification ensures that business continuity consultants are well-versed in all aspects of BC/DR planning. At Siemens, certification is preferred, not required, "but I would recommend it to anyone," McCarthy says.

A survey by BC Management, a business continuity executive search firm in Huntington Beach, Calif., showed that 75 percent of the respondents were certified, while 25 percent were not. Business continuity certification bodies include BCI, DRII, BRCCI, the University of Virginia and Strohl Systems. Specialized certifications are available for emergency management, risk management, audit, security and technology. DRI International offers certification specifically for business continuity consultants and vendors to ensure that practition­ers understand professional practices.

Each subject area includes the professional's role within the area and an outline of recommended knowledge within the subject area. The 10 subject areas cover topics such as risk evaluation and control, business impact analysis, emergency response and operations, awareness programs, training, crisis communication and coordinating with external agencies.

Ask if the consultants you'll be working with are certified in business continuity planning.

4. Are they willing and able to prioritize?
You can save a lot of money by evaluating your BC/DR priorities, Thornton says, adding, "If you need systems back up in six hours—you can, but you'll have to throw a lot of money into that. Instead, consultants should be asking, 'Do you need that? What can you wait a couple of days on, or a week on?' and establish priorities."

Perhaps only 20 percent of the total environment—the most vital systems and applications—must recover in minutes or hours. "I can do that more economically than the whole thing," Thornton says. Different strategies can be deployed for lower priorities. "If I've got three days, I can build that system up very quickly—that's a lot less expensive than equipment that is standing there ready—not to mention the added cost of keeping that equipment current and fresh," he adds.

5. Do they offer BC/DR solutions to fit your budget?
Nearly one-quarter of companies surveyed by KPMG have not been able to justify the costs of business continuity plans. Most of these companies are focused in the large enterprise with 500 to 999 employees, according to the study. Consultants should know your business well enough to understand budget constraints and your immediate BC/DR needs.

"We let the business [units] decide what they want to spend and help coordinate based what the numbers tell us," Hoppenjans explains. "We let [business impact analysis] data tell us what each department is doing as far as BC planning, what their risks and what their vulnerabilities are, and they decide what to spend. Some responses may be customer- or contract-driven."

With all of their questions answered, Siemens IT Solutions and Services found a qualified BC/DR consulting firm and has worked with the firm since 2004.

"You can never know how prepared you are until something happens," McCarthy says. "But I think we're well-equipped with the right tools to guide us through."

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/back-up-restore.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts




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