headtop

January 2009 Entries

Storage Capacity - what do these numbers mean? - January 31, 2009

Here are some real-world examples of the approximate storage capacities of 'commonly' encountered objects.

Bit - The fundamental binary data unit: 1 or 0

Bytes (8 bits)
1 byte: A single character

10 bytes: A single word
100 bytes: A telegram OR a punched card

Kilobyte, KB: (1,000 bytes)
1 Kilobyte: A very short story
2 Kilobytes: A typewritten page
10 Kilobytes: An encyclopaedic page OR a deck of punched cards
50 Kilobytes: A compressed document image page
100 Kilobytes: A low-resolution photograph
200 Kilobytes: A box of punched cards
500 Kilobytes: A very heavy box of punched cards

Megabyte, MB (1,000,000 bytes)
1-2 Megabytes: A small novel OR a 3.5 inch floppy disk
2 Megabytes: High resolution photograph
5 Megabytes: The complete works of Shakespeare OR 30 seconds of TV- quality video
10 Megabytes: A minute of high-fidelity sound OR A digital chest X-ray
20 Megabytes: A box of floppy disks
50 Megabytes: A digital mammogram
100 Megabytes: 1 meter of shelved books OR a two-volume encyclopaedic book
200 Megabytes: A reel of 9-track tape OR an IBM 3480 cartridge tape
500-600 Megabytes: A CD-ROM

Gigabyte, GB (1,000,000,000 bytes)
1 Gigabyte: A pickup truck filled with paper OR a symphony in high-fidelity sound OR a movie at TV quality
2 Gigabytes: 20 meters of shelved books OR a stack of 9-track tapes
5 Gigabytes: An 8mm digital tape OR a DVD-ROM
10 Gigabytes: Typical PC hard disk drive
20 Gigabytes: A good collection of the works of Beethoven OR 5 digital tapes (8 mm) OR a VHS tape used for digital data
50 Gigabytes: A floor of books
100 Gigabytes: A floor of academic journals
200 Gigabytes: 50 digital tapes, 8 mm

Terabyte, TB (1,000,000,000,000 bytes)
1 Terabyte: An automated tape robot OR all the X-ray films in a large technological hospital OR 50,000 trees made into paper and printed OR 50,000 trees' worth of printed pages
2 Terabytes: An academic research library OR A cabinet full of Exabyte tapes
10 Terabytes: The printed collection of the US Library of Congress
50 Terabytes: The contents of a large Mass Storage System
10-100 Terabytes: Estimated capacity of human brain

Petabyte, PB (1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes)
1 Petabyte: 3 years of EOS data (2001)
2 Petabytes: All US academic research libraries
20 Petabytes: Production of hard-disk drives in 1995
200 Petabytes: All printed material OR production of digital magnetic tape in 1995

Exabyte, EB (1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes)
5 Exabytes: All words ever spoken by human beings.

Zettabyte, ZB (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes)

Yottabyte, YB (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes)

What is next?

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Will Commvault's Simpana be the Final Nail in Exagrid and Data Domain's Coffin? - January 30, 2009

Tampa Florida -- Faced with shrinking or static budgets and increasing recovery demands, enterprises of all sizes are wisely evaluating and implementing data deduplication to tackle the challenges of rapid data growth. The challenge of managing primary storage which is growing at 50-100% per year is further exacerbated by the growth of secondary data copies, which can be growing at 12 times these rates! Eliminating redundant data is simply a smart approach.

Many organizations have turned to specialized hardware appliances to implement data deduplication. However, adding a point-level fix to the enterprise might not be the answer. Why?

Dedupe Appliances are costly to procure, manage and scale.
Appliances cannot deduplicate across multiple appliances.
The process of deduplication within an appliance is optimized for ingestion speeds at the cost of vital restore performance
The benefits of dedupe when writing a tape copy is erased. Creating offsite retention copies to tape continues to be a routine process. An appliance rehydrates back all the data when creating a tape copy.
The quick pain-relief achieved by these point-level fixes, quickly dissipates as your production growth rate drives more unique data into your recovery strategy.

CommVault® Solution

With the industry’s first end-to-end, block-based software deduplication, Simpana 8 offers a holistic approach to deduplication that extends across all tiers of secondary storage including disk and tape; encompassing global reduction of stored data across backups, archives, clients and platforms in both remote and centralized configurations. The result? Unprecedented operational efficiencies and cost savings. An end-to-end approach unlocks IT benefits which include faster network data transfers, shorter backup windows, faster recoveries, and more efficient utilization of your secondary storage infrastructure, thereby reducing the amount of disk/tape used for backup and archive copies by up to 90 percent.

CommVault Simpana software brings a global approach to deduplication by integrating and embedding deduplication throughout your data infrastructure: from clients to disk to tape, across all data types, sources and platforms, and across all your backup and archive data sets and storage tiers, including VMware and Microsoft Hyper-V virtualized environments. CommVault’s unique and flexible data management architecture ensures that your deduplication capabilities scale with your data, avoiding the need to splinter deduplication into isolated devices. CommVault Simpana software scales to meet your precise storage requirements for both today and tomorrow.

Simpana software enables you to extend those savings by seamlessly persisting the data reduction to long-term, low-cost archive storage such as tape. Simpana software’s unique deduplication across multiple media agents breaks the constraints of the “box” to shift copies of deduplicated data transparently to tape without “rehydration”. That archive copy set includes self-described properties so it can be used to service offsite vaulting or DR restore requirements. This feature combines to offer customers an option which can extend the 90 percent savings directly to the tape copies – significantly reducing the operational costs of long-term data retention in terms of media, drives and vaulting/handling costs.

Employing content-aware deduplication ensures that the Simpana software is able to more accurately find and reduce common patterns in the data stream across disparate applications, file systems and data types – including the ability to encrypt (and deduplication) secure data sets.

Utilizing precise cataloging over an open disk architecture, allows the Simpana software’s data movers to eradicate the reassembly latency or restore tax– resulting in faster recoveries and lower “taxes”.

Embedding deduplication directly into the core of how you manage and move your data in an end-end or holistic fashion embraces and preserves global data reduction with fast ROI and long-term operational savings.

CommVault Simpana software integrates and embeds deduplication to address a variety of data management challenges across the enterprise:

Data deduplication enables cost-effective protection, retention and recovery of critical data for single item to full site Disaster Recovery needs
Simpana software’s global and scalable deduplication dramatically reduces the end-to-end solution cost of meeting your critical data SLAs– mitigating the risks of downtime or loss across a wider variety of applications
Seamless support for all protection and archiving policies including VMWare and Microsoft Hyper-V virtualized environments
Preserving the reduced cost benefits as legal and corporate compliance drive data retention requirement from days to years
Targeted solutions to address the special needs of remote offices environments with limited local resources and bandwidth challenges. Automated protection polices can drive dual, deduplicated copies in the same job to provide local, rapid recovery and centralized, longer-term cost-effective retention

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/storage-data-deduplication.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Why Exagrid and Data Domain is Losing Marketshare and Customers to Quantum? - January 29, 2009

Miami Florida -- The most common value proposition that I have seen virtual tape library (VTL) vendors present has been seamless integration with existing data backup/restore infrastructure and processes. However, over the years, I've discovered that the theory has not effectively translated into reality: VTLs have not been as seamless an integration exercise as VTL vendors would have you believe.

Right now, the most compelling advantage of VTLs over LAN-based backup-to-disk solutions is their high-performance capabilities.

Backup software changes are often required to effectively utilize VTLs, as well as offsite policy changes, especially when having to implement virtual-to-physical tape copies. Examples range from having to make configuration changes to allow backup software to be aware of various offline processes that the VTL might be undertaking on the virtual media, to job scheduling adjustments to capitalize on the advantages that a VTL has over a physical tape library. So plug-and-play technology, this is not: Some effort is required even in the most ideal scenarios.

In spite of this, VTL adoption was on the uptick over the last few years, largely because data backup/restore software at the time did not have robust native backup-to-disk capabilities; therefore, the effort to implement a VTL was tolerated for its backup-to-disk benefits.

However, backup software products today -- such as those from CommVault, EMC Corp., with its NetWorker, IBM Corp. Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM) and Symantec Corp. Veritas NetBackup -- can perform backup to disk in a more sophisticated and seamless way. In addition, with data deduplication becoming the new paradigm for backup to disk -- because of its compelling cost per gigabyte that is comparable to tape -- VTLs that don't incorporate data deduplication are becoming even less popular

Right now, the most compelling advantage of VTLs over LAN-based backup-to-disk solutions is their high-performance capabilities. Virtual tape emulation is the main backup-to-disk software interface within backup storage appliances that use high-performance Fibre Channel as the connectivity. However, this performance capability comes at a significantly high cost per gigabyte. Thus, in order to compete, VTL vendors are introducing hybrid products with VTL front-end and dedupe back-end storage. These are good solutions that provide the best of both worlds; but it's important to note that, in my findings, storage professionals who select these products are not typically making their selection based on the merits of the product's VTL interface, but on whether the solution addresses their performance and data deduplication requirements.

So what's the future? There's speculation that in a few years, when target-based network-attached storage (NAS) data deduplication products begin to perform as well as Fibre Channel VTLs, VTLs will be phased out in favor of NAS-based 10Gb Ethernet deduplication backup-to-disk solutions because of their significant ease of use, cost effectiveness and integration with native enhanced backup software features. In the future, storage professionals might end up asking themselves: "Why should I bother acquiring a backup-to-disk product that has a VTL software layer that I have to manage, when a straight backup-to-disk alternative exists that is just as fast?"

However, data deduplication as the conqueror is just one possibility out of many, even if it is a likely outcome. After all, this is the IT industry, where the uncertainty principle reigns supreme and just when you think you've got your finger on it, everything changes (solid-state drives anyone?). So, my advice today for storage professionals is to focus your efforts on aligning your requirements and recovery objectives with the overall capabilities offered by the backup-to-disk solutions you're considering. Don't get hung up on sales pitches focusing too much on specific product features presented in absolute terms (e.g., be skeptical of statements like "VTL is the best backup-to-disk approach" or "there is no point doing backup to disk without dedupe").

Having said that, what I have found is that most storage professionals that have successfully implemented a backup-to-disk solution (VTL appliance or dedupe appliance), had put the presence of a virtual tape interface as a secondary criteria to the solution's overall performance and capacity optimization capabilities.

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/storage-data-deduplication.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Too Many Privacy and Security Issues over Cloud Storage - January 29, 2009

Miami Florida -- Cloud computing will soon become an area of hot debate in Washington, D.C., with policy makers debating issues such as the privacy and security of data in the cloud, a panel of tech experts said Friday.

There are "huge challenges" facing policy makers in the next year or two as cloud computing becomes increasingly popular, said Mike Nelson, visiting professor for the Center for Communication, Culture and Technology at Georgetown University and a former tech policy advisor for U.S. President Bill Clinton and Bush.

Among the major policy issues to be worked out: Who owns the data that consumers store on the network? Should law enforcement agencies have easier access to personal information in the cloud than data on a personal computer? Do government procurement regulations need to change to allow agencies to embrace cloud computing?

Cloud computing is "as important as the Web was 15 years ago," said Nelson, speaking at a Google forum on the policy implications of hosted applications and services. "We don't have any idea of how important it is, and we don't really have any clue as to how it's going to be used."

Data Leakage by your provider
Despite the growing number of people using cloud services such as hosted e-mail and online photo storage, many consumers don't understand the privacy and security implications, said Ari Schwartz, vice president and chief operating officer of the Center for Democracy and Technology, an advocacy group focused on online privacy and civil rights. So far, U.S. courts have generally ruled that private data stored in the cloud doesn't enjoy the same level of protection from law enforcement searches that data stored on a personal computer does, he said.

"Consumers expect their information will be treated the same on the cloud as it is if it were stored at home on their own computers," Schwartz said. I have even heard of mid-size businesses using management backup services as a way to reduce cost, that is until their first monthly statement arrives. Iron Mountain On-line Backup keeps no more the 50% of it's customers after the first year of service, that a large turn over.

Forty-nine percent of U.S. businesses who use cloud computing services would be very concerned if the cloud vendors shared their files with law enforcement agencies, according to a survey released Friday by the Pew Internet and American Life Project. Another 15 percent of respondents said they'd be somewhat concerned, according to the survey, released in conjunction with the Google policy event.

Sixty-nine percent of U.S. businesses who are online use at least one of six popular cloud services, the survey said. Fifty-six percent of survey CIOs use Web mail services, 34 percent store remote branch offices backups online and 29 percent use online applications such as Google Documents or Adobe Photoshop Express, according to the survey.

Among the concerns about cloud computing: 80 percent of small to mid-sized businesses said they'd be very concerned if a vendor used their data or backup for test markets. Another 68 percent said they'd be very concerned if the vendor used their business information stored in the cloud to deliver or research data, and 63 percent said they'd be very concerned if the vendor kept their data after they tried to delete it.

Asked why they use cloud computing services, 51 percent said convenience was the major reason. Another 41 percent said the major factor was being able to access their information from multiple computers and devices, and 8% saw some cost benefits.

One audience member suggested businesses growing use of cloud services doesn't match with their concerns about the privacy of their data. Schwartz said consumers would embrace privacy protections if they were made easy to use.

"companies are obviously making tradeoffs in privacy when they use these services," added John Horrigan, Pew's associate director for research.

Policies and Government
Asked what policy recommendations they'd make to the U.S. government, Nelson and Schwartz suggested a change in government procurement regulations are needed for federal agencies to embrace cloud computing. But questions about data privacy and ownership are also important to address, Schwartz added.

The U.S. government should encourage the free flow of information around the globe, added Dan Burton, senior vice president for global public policy at cloud computing vendor Iron Mountain. The benefits of cloud computing could be hampered by laws that prevent the sharing of data across national borders, he said.

The government should avoid formulating specific policies governing cloud computing, according to Nelson. Government's role should be to ensure competition and allow vendors to work out details, he said.

"I do think government has an almost infinite ability to screw up things when they can't see the future," Nelson said. "We have to have leadership that believes in empowering users and empowering citizens."

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/consolidation-assess.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Top 10 Storage Technologies for a Greener Network - January 25, 2009

Here are 10 technologies to improve storage efficiency and reduce power consumption.

An Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report to Congress [1] compared the energy consumption of four primary data-center components: high-end servers, midrange servers, networking equipment, and storage devices (see Table). In this study, data storage devices had the highest power consumption growth rate (191%) and the highest overall power consumption (3.2 billion kWh.)






According to the report, power consumption of data storage devices maintained a steady growth rate during the period (see figure, below). Left unchecked, this growth rate will soon encumber the power requirements of other data-center components.





Adding to the problem of rising power requirements in the data center is the fact that every watt of power consumed by IT equipment requires at least another watt for infrastructure, which includes cooling, UPS, lighting, and losses through power distribution. In other words, each watt saved in the data center is two watts earned!

In light of this, data storage vendors have been optimizing power efficiency through various design aspects of their products. The benefits of this are the following:

  • Reduced storage power requirement “balances” the overall power consumption of IT equipment in the data center (i.e., provides more available power to the servers); and

  • Reduced storage power requirements decrease the overall data-center power requirements, reducing operational costs.


 

“Green storage” is a simple way to describe data storage (or storage networking) products that can be configured for optimal energy efficiency and power savings. However, the components that constitute green storage, and the techniques for making storage “greener,” are still largely unknown or misunderstood.

This article summarizes several approaches to reducing storage power consumption, including high-efficiency power supplies, high-capacity disk drives, and often-overlooked space-saving software options.

High-efficiency power supplies


A large amount of data-center power is lost due to poorly designed power supplies with low efficiency ratings. According to recent studies, inefficient power supplies in data-center equipment contribute a power loss of 50% or more during periods of low power consumption.

Designing products with an efficient power profile involves two steps. First, power supply-rated output specifications should be closely matched to the components that are being provided this power. Second, power supplies should deliver an optimal amount of power efficiency across the entire product load range. Poorly designed IT products using overrated power supplies that continually operate within their lowest efficiency load range needlessly drain power from the data center.

Today, high-efficiency power supplies are available in disk and tape systems, fabric switches and directors, and other storage network appliances. Deploying products designed for energy efficiency incrementally reduces the overall data-center power bill.

High-capacity disk drives


The latest storage systems use disk drives with the highest capacities in history. Using these high-capacity drives allows users to drive down watts/terabyte in the data center. For example, migrating data stored on legacy 36/73/146GB Fibre Channel drives to newer, higher-capacity Fibre Channel or Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) drives can significantly improve power/cooling profiles. Similarly, migrating infrequently accessed application data to high-capacity SATA tiers will substantially improve storage energy efficiency.





In high-performance applications, one drawback of high-capacity drives is reduced I/O throughput. “Wide striping” overcomes this by allowing high-performance applications to be spread across many (tens or even hundreds) more disks. Because wide striping allows many volumes to share a given drive, utilization is much higher. Therefore, application data can sustain a high number of IOPS with high-capacity drives, avoiding the necessity of low-capacity, high-rpm, energy-intensive drives.

Advanced RAID techniques


When high-capacity disk drives are used for storage devices, larger amounts of data are stored per drive. Therefore, care must be taken to ensure data reliability is not compromised. In the past, this protection was commonly addressed through RAID-1 mirroring. Today, space-efficient RAID implementations have become more commonplace, including single-parity RAID 5 and recent RAID-6 innovations such as dual parity and P+Q algorithms. When compared to data mirroring, these technologies offer up to 70% greater storage utilization, resulting in fewer power-consuming drives needed to provide protection against drive failures.

Thin provisioning


A key problem faced by storage administrators is storage quota allocation. How much physical storage space should be assigned for each application? Knowing that an overflowing data volume has many unpleasant side effects, administrators commonly overprovision their disk quotas. If they think an application will require a single terabyte, he might decide to allocate 2TB, “just in case,” to accommodate for growth, or to adjust for a miscalculation of the storage space actually consumed by the application.

But what if the application does not grow as expected, or if the miscalculation was on the short side? The result is wasted space–space that cannot be used by any other application. By some estimates, 60% or more of disk storage remains unused simply because of this type of over provisioning. Unused disk capacity, however, continues to draw power and contributes to the overall data-center electricity bill.

The problem of over provisioning can be solved through thin provisioning, where administrators can create “flexible” volumes that appear to the application to be a certain size but in reality are much smaller physically. Thin-provisioning technology provides substantial improvements in storage sizing. Data volumes can be resized quickly and dynamically as application requirements change.

The bottom-line impact of thin provisioning is a reduction in physically allocated storage, and direct savings in data-center power, heat, and cooling requirements.

Data de-duplication


The average disk volume contains thousands or even millions of duplicate data objects. As data objects are created, modified, distributed, backed up, and archived, duplicate data quickly begins to proliferate throughout the organization. The result is inefficient use of storage resources. Data de-duplication helps to prevent this inefficiency.

Typically, data de-duplication divides stored data objects into smaller blocks. Each block of data has a digital “signature,” which is compared to all other signatures in the data volume. If an exact block match exists, then the duplicate block is discarded and its disk space is reclaimed. De-duplication can be implemented across a wide variety of applications and file types, including primary data, backup data, and archival data. By implementing de-duplication, users can reclaim up to 95% of their storage space.

Note that combining thin provisioning and data de-duplication has an additive effect on the efficiency of storage. De-duplicated volumes are sometimes oversized when the de-duplication savings ratio proves to be greater than predicted. De-duplicated volumes are also sometimes oversized intentionally to account for some amount of growth. Thin provisioning eliminates this additional capacity overhead pre-allocated for de-duplication.

Writable snapshots


Storage administrators must often allocate substantial storage space for enterprise test operations, such as application release rollouts and bug fix testing. In addition, organizations that rely on large-scale simulations for comprehensive testing, analysis, and modeling can incur large costs associated with providing additional storage space for these tests.

In the past, to address this issue, administrators would simply make complete copies of a data set as their “test set.” By offering writable snapshots, vendors provide application “clone” functionality where application copies can be created as temporary, writable copies. Furthermore, these copies can be created instantly, with minimal storage requirements.

This is accomplished by creating a writable “snapshot” of the primary dataset and storing only the data changes between a parent volume and a clone. All unchanged data remains on primary storage and is used by both the primary application and the secondary clone copy. Multiple snapshot copies can be created from a single primary dataset, enabling users to perform multiple test and development simulations and compare the characteristics of each dataset after the testing is complete.

Data compression


Used for decades in tape drives and home computers, data compression has recently appeared in data centers in two specific areas:

  • External data compression appliances that compress data “on-the-fly” as data is stored on storage systems; and

  • Disk-to-disk (D2D) backup devices, such as virtual tape libraries (VTLs), which use data compression to reduce the amount of storage required by backup copies.


 

These appliances are generally based on the Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm and can offer 50% or greater storage savings.

Flash drives


Solid-state flash drives use flash memory to store and access data. Because there are no mechanical components in flash drives, they provide faster response times and consume 38% less energy on average vs. traditional mechanical disk drives, resulting in a significant power consumption reduction in a transaction-per-second comparison. When deployed in combination with hard disk drives, flash drives provide an ultra-high-performance “tier” of storage for transaction application environments requiring optimal performance, while leveraging hard drive-based tiers for less demanding applications. Solid-state flash drives offer the ability to achieve high performance without sacrificing energy costs.

Standby and spin-down modes


Just as tape media uses no energy when it is not being accessed, if one is able to spin down unused or underutilized disk drives, noticeable power savings can be seen. Technologies such as MAID (massive array of idle disks) are now available, and potential future developments in intelligent controllers will allow disk drives to enter a series of reduced power states. Although spinning down a disk drive has a positive benefit on energy consumption, there is a likewise obvious impact to data retrieval response times.

Another technology advocated by some vendors is standby mode for the entire storage system. The idea is that during off-peak hours, disk controllers that are not being accessed could go into “sleep” mode to save even more energy. This is similar to modes currently used by PCs–microprocessors in most storage systems have the identical capability. A standby mode invoked, say, between midnight and 6 AM would represent a 25% daily power savings.

Virtualization


By virtualizing servers, several “guest” servers can operate on a single physical server, reducing the overall number of servers in the data center and their associated power consumption. Virtualization technologies can also be applied to disk-based storage systems to reduce the amount of physical storage needed, and hence reduce the overall power consumption. Though in many ways thin provisioning provides virtualization, it can also extend beyond this technology.

By abstracting storage elements, the administrator is able to allocate physical resources that match the current usage needs–associating a virtual resource to high-performance storage, or more energy-efficient storage. Besides allowing for dynamic changes in virtual as well as physical volume sizes, virtualization can allow the transparent migration of application data between different classes of storage. For example, a project might initially be deployed on high-performance Fibre Channel drives, then as the project finishes its peak usage and moves more into a maintenance phase, the data can be transparently migrated to a more energy-fficient storage subsystem to take advantage of the better watts/gigabyte ratio of higher-capacity drives.

In this way, overall energy needs can be reduced, but more importantly can be appropriately assigned to the correct power/performance storage transparently to the application. This transparent placement of data can be extended with copy services mentioned above to allow administrators to custom-fit an application’s needs to the available storage resources.

Summary


Energy consumption continues to be one of the most significant portions of the cost of operating a data center. Finding ways to increase energy efficiency is of critical importance to data-center managers and has become a significant public policy issue. Using the technologies described in this article, you can take significant steps toward reducing data-storage power consumption, leading to a “greener” data center.

 For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/consolidation-assess.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Best Practices in Data Center Re-Design will add $$$ to the Company's bottom-line - January 23, 2009

Orlando Florida -- Power consumption at data centers is once again in the spotlight, after Automation and Consolidation firm Sencilo Solutions of Daytona Beach Florida came up with a list of best practices in the data center that are designed to save electricity and improve cooling.

Sencilo claims that if companies follow all of it's best practices, they could typically expect to save 1 million kilowatt-hours. It says that in a conventional data center, between 35% and 50% of the electricity consumed is for cooling compared to only 15% in best-practice or 'green' data centers.

"Virtually all data centers waste enormous amounts of electricity using inefficient cooling designs and systems along with older storage arrays," said Rob Peterson, CTO and co-founder of Sencilo, in a statement. "Even in a small data center, this wasted electricity amounts to more than 1 million kilowatt-hours annually that could be saved with the implementation of some best practices."

The main reason for the waste in conventional data center cooling is the "unconstrained mixing of cold supply air with hot exhaust air on out dated servers and storage," he said.

"This mixing increases the load on the cooling system and energy used to provide that cooling, and reduces the efficiency of the cooling system by reducing the delta-T (the difference between the hot return temperatures and the cold supply temperature). A high delta-T is a principle in cooling," McGuckin said.

The following are Sencilo's 10 top tips for reducing power consumption:

Plug holes in the raised floor. Holes in the floor allow cold air to escape and mix with hot air. This single low-tech retrofit can save as much as 10% of energy used for data center cooling, says Peterson.

Installing blanking panels. Data centers are full of racks, and unused rack space needs to be covered with a blanking panel so that air flow can be properly managed -- for example, by preventing hot air leaving equipment in one section of the rack and then entering the cold air intake for other equipment elsewhere in the rack. Sencilo says that when these panels are used effectively, supply air temperatures can be lowered by as much as 22 degrees Fahrenheit (or minus 5 degrees Celsius).

Look into new primary storage compression appliances and de-dupe devices for backup and reduce the number of disk drives 15x.

Improve under-floor airflow. This typically affects older data centers, where the space under the raised flooring is a lot more constrained than in newer builds. Many old data centers also use the underfloor spacing for running data and power cables, thereby restricting airflow. Clearing out of these spaces is advised.

Implement hot and cold aisles. This is one of the most obvious best practices. Sencilo says traditional data centers use a "classroom style" to position their racks, whereby all the intakes face in one direction. The problem with this setup is that hot air exhausted from one row mixes with cold air being drawn into the adjacent row, thereby increasing cold-air supply temperature in uneven ways. Newer rack-layout practices over the past 10 years instead organize rows into hot and cold aisles, which offer much better control of airflow.

Install sensors. Seems obvious, but how do you tell if you have a temperature problem in a certain area of your data center? Sencilo says a minimal investment in this technology could reap big insights into data center operations and can also provide a method for analyzing the results of improvements made to the cooling systems.

Implement cold or hot aisle containment. When a data center uses hot and cold aisles, dramatically improved separation of cold supply air and hot exhaust air through containment becomes a viable option. Sencilo reckons effective containment of the hot or cold aisles will provide, for most users, the single largest payback of any of these best practices.

Replace those older filer servers with a new NAS arrary, in one case we retired 72 Compaq file-servers with aging 32 GB SCSI drives, which a single NAS device sporting the newer S-ATA II disk.  Between reduced floor space, electricity, cooling and noise our client paid for the new NAS in 3 months.  

Exploit free cooling. It depends a lot on local climate, but in winter in Northern Florida, cold air is readily available outside the data center.

Designing new data centers using modular cooling. Traditional data centers have been cooled by the raised-floor perimeter air distribution. Mounting evidence strongly points to the use of modular cooling (in-row or in-rack) as a more energy-efficient cooling strategy.

Today Sencilo Solutions has put it's "Green Certified stamp" on over 35 companies throughout Central Florida including two Power Companies and four government agencies. 

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/consolidation-assess.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


IT Cost Cutting Solutions - Part Two - Using Primary Storage Compression - January 23, 2009

Clearwater Florida -- With the amount of data growing by leaps and bounds every year, technologies that can make the most of storage capacity and reduce the amount of physical space, power and maintenance that storing terabytes or petabytes of data requires are becoming increasingly attractive to large and even mid-sized organizations.

Not surprisingly, analysts predict continued strong growth and adoption of secondary storage optimization and data de-duplication solutions over the next 12 months. In times like these, it's technology that sells itself.

Now, building on the success of secondary storage optimization (SSO), a number of vendors have introduced optimization solutions aimed directly at primary storage. Although it's early days for primary storage optimization (PSO), with only a few hundred confirmed customers, analyst Eric Burgener, who covers storage optimization for the Taneja Group, sees PSO and technologies like wide area data services (WADS) gaining momentum and making inroads with storage customers over the next year.

"Over the last four years, we've seen the growth rate for secondary storage optimization [take off]," said Burgener.

But when SSO first came on the scene, "people were very hesitant about the technology, because it was new and there hadn't been anything like this around before," he recalled. "Primary storage optimization is very similar to secondary storage optimization in terms of the concept. But this time around the concept's proven. People know that the technology works pretty much — and there are thousands of referenceable customers that are using secondary storage optimization technology," whom end users can talk to.

"So we think the growth of the market is going to happen much more rapidly in the PSO space, just because people are already generally familiar with that technology," he said. PSO and SSO use different algorithms, "but the concept is very similar."

Inline vs. Post-Processing

In defining the PSO market, Burgener identifies two distinct camps: the inline approaches (exemplified by Storwize) and the post-processing approaches (exemplified by NetApp and Ocarina Networks).

Which approach is right for optimally storing your primary data depends on the problem you are trying to solve, said Burgener. "There's no one [PSO] technology that's the best for all kinds of situations," he said. "The different approaches characterize what happens to writes to storage. All PSO solutions handle reads of capacity-optimized data at wire speeds."

By way of examples, Burgener cites Ocarina Networks as "the most application-specific player on the primary side," with, as of late September, 112 different algorithms — or 112 different file types that its Ocarina ECO System could identify, including TIFF, MPEG, Word, and PPT files.

"They've actually got an algorithm that's specific to each one of those," he said. "So if you're dealing with, say, pictures, or an online photo database, Ocarina [with its post-processing approach] is a pretty good fit for that — and why Kodak chose them, because these algorithms give them higher data reduction ratios than you could get out of a more generic technology like, for instance, what Storwize is using against that particular data set."

On the other hand, if your goal is to increase your storage capacity at every point in the data's lifecycle, you're probably better off using an inline approach, like Storwize's STN appliances use, said Burgener, because that data is constantly being optimized.

The difference, he said, is that "the Ocarina approach is going to end up using more storage capacity in the earlier days or weeks of a particular piece of data's lifecycle, but then it ends up reducing it as it gets older, whereas Storwize's approach is much more 'let's reduce it right away.'"

In addition to Storwize, Ocarina Networks and NetApp (NASDAQ: NTAP), which Burgener said has "basically packaged a de-duplication capability with their Data ONTAP operating system, so that every NetApp box that goes out has got that capability [to do PSO]," Burgener cites Hifn (NASDAQ: HIFN) and greenBytes as two players to watch in the PSO space.

With its Express DR family of PCI Express cards, Hifn OEM customers have a choice of using an inline or a post-processing approach to PSO, said Burgener, making the solution attractive to organizations with virtual tape libraries (VTLs) and backup appliances.

As for greenBytes, its new, just-coming-out-of-beta Cypress NAS, with its Sun/ZFS+-based approach, make it very appealing to Solaris users who are running ZFS, he said. "It also might make greenBytes an attractive acquisition candidate for Sun," he added.

Benefits of PSO

The main benefit of PSO is that it reduces the overall space and power required for primary storage. Primary Storage Optimization also "shortens overall backup-and-restore times, since less data must be written to or retrieved from disk for any given data set," explained Burgener, and, "in cases where data sets must be shipped across networks, the smaller, capacity-optimized data sets require less bandwidth, thereby reducing network traffic."

PSO can also be used with Secondary Storage Optimization solutions, oftentimes resulting in a significant overall reduction in space and power consumption. Though as Burgener cautioned, "data reduction ratios with combined use will vary based on the actual solutions used and the workload types. The only way to really understand the benefit PSO, or a combination of PSO and SSO together, will provide is to test it on specific workloads."

The Pitfalls

As with other storage technologies, there is a performance versus capacity trade-off with PSO. "Access latency is a problem that is a real concern for primary storage, though not so much for secondary storage," said Burgener.

"In-line approaches (the Storwize approach) have to deal with this; it's less of an issue for post-processing approaches (the Ocarina approach), but the issue with post-processing is that it will definitely require more storage capacity," he said. "How much more depends on what schedule the post-processing is run on (e.g., within hours of writing the data, within days of writing it, or within months of writing it, etc.)."

That's why, he noted, it's important for storage and network administrators to understand their organization's particular storage challenges and weigh the pros and cons of each approach before choosing a PSO solution.

The Future's So Bright

Over the next 12 months, Burgener sees the adoption rates for both primary and secondary storage optimization solutions accelerating. "There are still a lot of end users who have heard about the technology but don't really understand how it works yet, and as more and more vendors [like EMC, IBM and Symantec] get into the space, they're going to hear more about this."

Indeed, from what Burgener has seen happening in the storage industry, and the economic arguments for doing storage optimization being so compelling, he believes that PSO is almost a forgone conclusion. "Why would you spend 10 or 20 times as much to store a piece of data if you don't have to? And there's no risk associated with doing capacity optimization. I think we're going to see this penetrate rapidly."

"It's not there right now," he said, but over the course of the next 12 months he expects PSO adoptions to increase, though "we don't think the market is going to be as large as the secondary side, just because there's a lot less data."

Burgener also predicts that within the next 12 months or so, we're "going to see one or two of the WADS vendors [like Cisco or Riverbed] make public comments that are going to put them in direct competition with people like Storwize and Ocarina in the PSO space," as well as some industry consolidation as some of the larger players snap up the smaller, more specialized vendors (such as Sun Microsystems acquiring greenBytes).

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/data-reduction.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


Best Practices for Tier 0 Storage - January 22, 2009

Tampa Florida -- Companies are starting to use solid-state drive (SSD) technology in a high-performance tier of storage called Tier 0.

Tier 1 storage, also known as production storage, can be considered the first class cabin for production data. Tier 2 and lower storage tiers were developed to handle data that is not quite as critical or does not need the performance characteristics of Tier 1 storage.

Now there's a new tier of storage: Tier 0. Tier 0 is solid-state memory-based storage which is used to improve performance beyond what current Tier 1 storage can offer. In the past, Tier 0 storage has been in the form of a RAM disk and was quite expensive. In fact, to justify the high cost of RAM disk, you had to not only know for certain that your performance problems were storage-based, but also be able to show a return on your investment in RAM disk.

Today, however, this is changing. The dropping cost of solid-state devices is making SSD technology more accessible throughout the data center. But while these cost reductions in SSDs are broadening the technology's appeal, the primary consideration for when a company chooses a SSD option is still performance.

Matching the performance of a 4U SSD would take a huge and expensive disk array with a large disk LUN striped across many drives. As always, simplicity wins out. Given the choice between a simple 4U SSD or a large disk array with a complex drive setup, many customers are choosing SSDs, says Brian McCarthy of Sencilo Solutions.

SSDs come in two forms: RAM-based systems and flash memory-based systems. Flash memory is what is changing the SSD landscape. Although flash does not have the performance of a RAM-based system, flash is significantly faster than traditional disk-based arrays -- even the top-performing arrays -- making it, for some data centers, the perfect solution.

RAM-based systems are more expensive than flash. For instance, a common capacity purchasing point today for flash-based SSDs is 2 TB. That 2 TB of flash memory would typically list for about $190,000. A common RAM-based capacity purchase is 128 GB and that would list for about $70,000. If a RAM-based SSD were purchased in 2 TB, it would come to more than $1 million.

While sales of flash-based systems are now outpacing RAM-based systems (in total capacity), RAM-based SSD systems sales are increasing on a per-unit basis as well. When you need RAM-based performance, you can usually justify the extra expenditure.

Unlike flash-based SSDs, RAM-based systems are not sensitive to the amount of data being written to them. There is a theoretical limit to the amount of writes that a flash-based system can handle. Additionally, flash-based systems do not offer the same level of write performance as RAM-based systems.

As a result, in scenarios where there are very active files with significant write I/O like those that have redo logs or Undo Segments, RAM-based systems are usually the better alternative. Database environments where redo logs or Undo Segments are choking current disk I/O capabilities are where the most significant I/O increase can be measured and the return on investment quickly realized.

How to create a Tier 0
The first step in establishing a Tier 0 is identifying the data that should go on the system. With RAM-based systems, these are applications with high write I/O transactions. In these applications, specific files can be identified as "hot," meaning that the files are so active they need more I/O than the disk subsystem can deliver.

Let's return to the situation above, where redo logs or Undo Segments from databases are placed on a RAM disk. The three most likely solutions are to upgrade to a faster (and more expensive) disk array; spread the data across more drives in the array (leaving you more vulnerable to a double drive failure); or buy an SSD. These high write I/O applications are ideal for RAM-based systems as opposed to flash memory. The other driving factor in RAM SSD installations is low latency. For many applications, latency is more important than absolute peak IOPS numbers, though the best combinations offer both low latency and high IOPS.

Data that would do well on flash-based systems is from read-intensive applications or at least those with a more normal level of writes. If the flash system has a large enough RAM cache, it can also support high bursts of writes, meaning it is suited to applications that require significant disk I/O but where individual hot files cannot be identified, such as data warehouses.

Flash-based systems offer higher capacities than RAM-based systems, as well as lower power consumption. Because of the capacities available with flash-based SSD, it is now possible to move entire databases onto a SSD.

Protecting Tier 0
How can you protect this new Tier 0? It is, after all, memory. Flash is typically sold in modules that are grouped in an array set, with one module designated as a parity drive. This effectively builds a RAID 3 protection strategy. Also, like the memory in your USB thumb drive, flash drives do not need power to maintain stored data.

But since RAM drives do require power at all times, protection becomes an overriding concern. Some RAM-based systems use battery backup and have built-in hard drives to store data in the event the system is shut down manually or by a power outage. During a power loss, the system's battery will keep the unit running and the system will copy its contents to the hard disk drive(s), in case power does not return before the battery runs out.

RAM-based SSDs also leverage error correcting memory (ECC) and IBM's Chipkill technology. (HP offers an equivalent system, called Chipspare.) These technologies offer a form of advanced error checking and correcting (ECC) technology that protects computer memory systems from any single memory chip failure, as well as multi-bit errors from any portion of a single memory chip.

For example, Chipkill performs this function by scattering the bits of an ECC word across multiple memory chips, such that the failure of any one memory chip will affect only one ECC bit. This allows the system to reconstruct the contents of the memory contents, despite the complete failure of one chip.

Chipkill is frequently combined with dynamic bit steering, so that if a chip fails (or exceeds a threshold of bit errors), a spare memory chip replaces the failed chip. The concept is similar to that of RAID, which protects against disk failure, except that now the concept is applied to individual memory chips. When Chipkill was developed by IBM in the 1990s, it was focused on mainframes and high-end Unix systems, but it is now being utilized in SSD. A study done by IBM on the effect of Chipkill suggests that it decreases the likelihood of data loss in a memory system by two orders of magnitude.

RAM-based systems: Are they green?
Are RAM-based systems green? On a power per TB comparison, the answer is no, but that comparison is not real-world. The traditional method of getting more performance to an application hungry for disk I/O is to create LUNs with a high drive count in them. The more drive spindles in the array group, the faster the disk I/O performance. These extra drives require more power and typically, especially in non-virtualized storage technology, there is a vast amount of wasted disk capacity, especially in non-virtualized storage environments. The user has to sacrifice effective capacity utilization for speed.

SSDs do not need extra spindles; they deliver high speed out of the box. The result is a lower number of devices and therefore a lowering of power consumption rates.

Performance expectations
A typical hard disk drive performs 4- to 5-msec reads or writes and approximately 150-300 random I/Os per second. A RAM-based SSD does .015 msec reads and writes and about 400,000 I/Os per second. A flash-based SSD does about 0.2 msec reads and 2-msec writes. I/O performance is 100,000 random I/O per second on reads and 25,000 I/Os per second on writes.

Texas Memory Systems has developed a cached flash SSD. By leveraging a RAM-based cache, it delivers similar performance numbers to RAM-based SSD on cache hits and as a result delivers the best of both worlds.

Companies who pioneered the SSD market, such as Texas Memory Systems, are now being joined by storage array manufacturers like EMC, Sun, NetApp and Hitachi Data Systems in an attempt to address this rapidly expanding market. NetApp and HDS, for example are expected to deliver SSD solutions this year as well.

For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/prod-ssd.php
About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts


How to choose which Backup type is right for your Data - January 22, 2009

At the request of Tech Target's - Rick Olin email address: rolin@techtarget.com we have been asked to remove this article


For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at:

Data Backup software for VMware ESX and how they Compare - January 20, 2009

At the request of Tech Target - Rick Olin rolin@techtarget.com has asked us to remove this article


For more information please call (407) 265-6293 or visit us at: http://www.sencilo.com/prod-storagesoftware.php

About Us

Sencilo Solutions is a Florida-based integrator specializing in Cost Cutting storage, security and managed services solutions. Sencilo delivers a comprehensive portfolio of products from best-of-breed hardware and software from multiple manufacturers including VMware, Data Domain, EMC, Hitachi, Symantec, HDS, IBM, Commvault, Xiotech and HP. Its technical expertise is known throughout the storage and security industry. Clients include leading corporations, major financial institutions, top universities, government facilities, as well as small to medium size businesses. Sencilo's professional services include consulting, integration, project management, storage virtualization installation, maintenance and knowledge transfer.

Sencilo has offices throughout Florida including: Jacksonville, Daytona Beach, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Hialeah, St. Augustine, Gainesville, Ocala, Palm Coast, Clearwater, Kissimmee, Lakeland, Maitland and Cape Canaveral Green Simpana Offerings Projects: BC DR planning Replication De-Dup De-Dupe iSCSI SAN NAS VMware Security EMC NetApp HP IBM Quantum Compliance VTL Data Domain vs Gartner Magic Quadrant Quadrent LTO Backup Exc Pure Disk NetBackup Networker TSM Commvault BakBone D2D D2D2T compare cloud data deduplication thin provisioning DXi Global Compression DDX virtual tape library Data Reduction SEPATON FALCON compare Celerra CLARiiON Equallogic Dell NS20 NS40 CX4 CX3-20 CX3-40 CX3-80 FAS2050 FAS3050 Xiotech Nexsan Avamar DLD3 1500 D3 Storwiz storage compression data Ocarina Networks A-SIS compare Sepaton infopro BlueArc OnStor Microsoft Unified Storage data protection StorageX Brocade FAQ SSD Solid state disk SANmelody FalconStor tier zero Xiotech ISE nx4 ax4 greenBytes ZFS Sun Top 10 ROBOBak managed services hosting cloud grid Datacore Compellent compellant equallogic lefthand networks don't buy storage stop buying storage itguardian cherub networks Arkeia Network Backup appliance Data Recovery Backup Health IT Healthcare IT Digital Hospital Allscripts




headerbottomrounded